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Ohio, located in the Midwestern region of the United States, has a diverse telecommunications landscape characterized by several area codes that reflect its demographic and geographic variability. As of 2023, Ohio is served by six primary area codes: 216, 220, 234, 330, 419, and 937.

The 216 area code, established in 1947, covers the city of Cleveland and its immediate suburbs. As population demands grew, the 614 area code was introduced in 1947 to serve Columbus, while the 937 area code was allocated in 1996 for southwestern Ohio, including cities like Dayton and Springfield. Over the years, to accommodate increased demand for telephone numbers, new area codes such as 220 (split from 614) and 234 (overlaying 330) were created, illustrating the need for expanded telecommunications infrastructure.

Ohio's population, estimated at approximately 11.8 million, ranks as the seventh most populous state in the U.S. Its urban centers, including Cleveland, Columbus, and Cincinnati, are key hubs for businesses and telecommunications services. The complex interplay of population density, urbanization, and technological advancements has driven regulatory bodies to update area code assignments and implement overlays to ensure sufficient numbering resources.

Unique to Ohio is the use of overlay area codes, which allow for the introduction of multiple area codes within the same geographic region. This approach addresses numbering shortages while minimizing disruption to existing services and users. Overall, Ohio’s area codes are not only a reflection of its demographic growth but also highlight the state's adaptation to evolving technological needs in telecommunications.